Sitemap is a xml file which contain full list of your website urls. It is used to include directories of your websites for crawling and indexing for search engine and access for users. it can help search engine robots for indexing your website more fast and deeply. It is roughly an opposite of robots.txt You can create a sitemap.xml by various free and paid service or you can write it with proper way (read about how write a sitemap).

Also keep these things in mind:
1) Sitemap must be less than 10 MB (10,485,760 bytes) and can contain maximum 50,000 urls. if you have more uls than this create multiple sitemap files and use a sitemap index file.
2) Put your sitemap in website root directory and add the url of your sitemap in robots.txt.
3) sitemap.xml can be compressed using grip for faster loading.

Broken link: a broken link is an inaccessible link or url of a website. a higher rate of broken links have a negative effect on search engine ranking due to reduced link equity. it also has a bad impact on user experience. There are several reasons for broken link. All are listed below.
1) An incorrect link entered by you.
2) The destination website removed the linked web page given by you. (A common 404 error).
3) The destination website is irreversibly moved or not exists anymore. (Changing domain or site blocked or dysfunctional).
4) User may behind some firewall or alike software or security mechanism that is blocking the access to the destination website.
5) You have provided a link to a site that is blocked by firewall or alike software for outside access.
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An SEO friendly link is roughly follows these rules. The url should contain dash as a separator, not to contain parameters and numbers and should be static urls.

To resolve this use these techniques.
1) Replace underscore or other separator by dash, clean url by deleting or replaceing number and parameters.
2) Marge your www and non www urls.
3) Do not use dynamic and related urls. Create an xml sitemap for proper indexing of search engine.
4) Block unfriendly and irrelevant links through robots.txt.
5) Endorse your canonical urls in canonical tag.
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An alternate title for image. Alt attribute content to describe an image. It is necessary for notifying search engine spider and improve actability to your website. So put a suitable title for your image at least those are your website content not including the images for designing your website. To resolve this put a suitable title in your alt attributes.
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doc type is not SEO factor but it is checked for validating your web page. So set a doctype at your html page.
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Older HTML tags and attributes that have been superseded by other more functional or flexible alternatives (whether as HTML or as CSS ) are declared as deprecated in HTML4 by the W3C - the consortium that sets the HTML standards. Browsers should continue to support deprecated tags and attributes, but eventually these tags are likely to become obsolete and so future support cannot be guaranteed.

HTML page size is the one of the main factors of webpage loading time. It should be less than 100 KB according to google recommendation. Note that, this size not including external css, js or images files. So small page size less loading time.

To reduce your page size do this steps
1) Move all your css and js code to external file.
2) make sure your text content be on top of the page so that it can displayed before full page loading.
3) Reduce or compress all the image, flash media file etc. will be better if these files are less than 100 KB
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Micro data is the information underlying a html string or paragraph. Consider a string “Avatar”, it could refer a profile picture on forum, blog or social networking site or may it refer to a highly successful 3D movie. Microdot is used to specify the reference or underlying information about an html string. Microdata gives chances to search engine and other application for better understanding of your content and better display significantly on search result.
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If multiple domain name is registered under single ip address the search bots can label other sites as duplicates of one sites. This is ip canonicalization. Little bit like url canonicalizaion. To solve this use redirects.
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Plain text email address is vulnerable to email scrapping agents. An email scrapping agent crawls your website and collects every Email address which written in plain text. So existence of plain text email address in your website can help spammers in email Harvesting. This could be a bad sign for search engine.

To fight this you can obfuscate your email addresses in several ways:
1) CSS pseudo classes.
2) Writing backward your email address.
3) Turn of display using css.
4) Obfuscate your email address using javascript.
5) Using wordpress and php (wordpress site only).
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